Pearls Grass for the prevention of breast cancer
Pearl grass (Hedyotis corymbosa) is one of the plants that have potential as antioxidants. Antioxidants are essential compounds that function captures free radicals in the body that can slow or prevent the oxidation of lipids. This plant contains oleanoat acid and Ursolic acid can inhibit cancer cells (Schuler, 1990).
Ursolic acid has potential as an anticancer compound since it is known to have anticancer activity by inhibiting carcinogenesis event, cancer promotion, induction of cancer cell differentiation and angiogenesis. Among the activities mediated by the ability of Ursolic acid inhibits the activity of a transcription factor, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB). NF-κB is a protein that regulates a number of genes that play a role in the formation of cancer cells, including the formation of antiapoptosis gene, a gene regulator of adhesion molecules and cell cycle regulatory genes (Shishodia et al., 2003).
NF-κB plays a role in the process kemoresistensi manner Myc protein activation as an intermediary for the transcriptional activation of cyclin A and D. neglected this causes apoptosis and cell cycle continues. Stimulation of NF-κB can be through death receptors then interact with the target genes such as IAPs and inhibit caspase pathway or through a proliferation signal passing through Akt pathway, thereby increasing protein expression antiapoptosis (Schwimmer, 2004).
Ursolic acid also able to inhibit the growth of tumor cells K562 with IC50 of 12.5 mg / mL and induces 13% apoptosi at levels of 25 mg / mL (Liu et al., 2004). Oleanoat acid is reported to have cytotoxic effects against Hep G2 cells (human liver cells) with IC50 values of 8.0 mg / mL (Yang et al., 2005). In addition, Ursolic acid can suppress the activity of COX-2 gene expression that play a role in carcinogenesis by inhibiting the signal transduction pathway Kinasi Protein C (PKC) (Subbaramaiah et al., 2000).
Hedyotis corymbosa reported to have antineoplastic effects, antitoksik and can strengthen the body's immune system, so it is used as a treatment in diseases malignancies (Dalimartha, 2003). Hsu Based on research, the mechanism of inhibition of tumor is by inducing the activity of Cyclin Dependent Kinase resulting in activity that is one of the Rb tumor suppressor genes. Thus not happen cell proliferation beyond the limit excessive.
Alternative presentation of pearl grass as inhibitors of cancer cells is presented in the form of a pudding. Pearl grass has great potential as an alternative treatment. This plant is very easy to find around us, for example in the fields or at the edge of the edge of the yard. Because it was the grass is very suitable to be used as an alternative anti-cancer drug that is cheap and easy to use.
A major component in Hedyotis corymbosa that have antineoplastic effects are triterpene acids that oleanolat acid and Ursolic acid. Ursolic acid and acid uleanolat contained in pearl grass can prevent the development of cancer cell division stage to a more malignant. It has been reported that Ursolic acid inhibits the growth of tumor cells and induce tumor cells to undergo apoptosis in order. While oleanolat acids have a cytotoxic effect against Hep G2 cells in the human liver. (Hsu, 1998).
Read more : Procedures to make pudding pearl grass
The content of flavonoid glycosides in pearl grass allegedly able to inhibit the process of carcinogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition occurred at the stage of initiation, promotion and progression through the molecular mechanisms include inactivation of carcinogenic compounds, antiproliferative, inhibition of angiogenesis, cell cycle arrest, induction of apoptosis, and antioxidants. Most compounds such as Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons karsinogean (PAH) require activation by cytochrome P450 enzymes to form reactive intermediates before binding to DNA. The covalent bond between the active DNA with carcinogenic compounds causing DNA damage. Flavonoids in this process acts as a blocking agent. Blocking the action of carcinogens can be through several mechanisms, among others through inhibit the activity of cytochrome P450 isoenzymes are CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 that carcinogenic compounds are not reactive. Other mechanisms through detoxify carcinogens. Flavonoids also increases the expression of enzymes Gluthation S-transferase (GST), which can detoxify carcinogens active so that it becomes more polar and can be eliminated from the body. Another mechanism that is activated through binding of carcinogens by flavonoid that can prevent binding with DNA, RNA or protein targets (Febriansah et al, 2012).
Flavonoids are compounds of natural ingredients from the many phenolic compounds as plant pigments. Flavonoids are connected to one or more sugar molecules known as flavonoid glycosides, while flavonoids are not connected to a sugar molecule called aglycone. Flavonoids in plants and foods are in the form of glycosides. Once inside the body, flavonoid glycosides reach the small intestine intact. Flavonoid or flavonoid metabolites that reaches the large intestine would probably be metabolized by bacteria and enzymes will then be absorbed.
Modulation of cell signaling pathways with flavonoids may help prevent cancer by among other things: First, it stimulates enzyme activity dektosifikasi phase II, phase II detoxification enzymes catalyze reactions that increase the excretion of potentially toxic or carcinogenic chemicals. Second, regulatory launched sikluls normal cells. Cell division passed the order in which they were known as the cell cycle before splitting again. After the cells undergo DNA damage, cell cycle may be arrested on the spot inspection of cell damage, which makes it possible to repair the DNA, causing cell death (apoptosis) if the damage can not be repaired. Cell cycle defects will result in the spread of mutations that contribute to cancer development. Third, inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis. Unlike normal cells, cancerous cells proliferate rapidly and lose their ability to respond to cell death signals commit apoptosis. Fourth, inhibit tumor invasion and angiogenesis. The cancer cells invade normal tissue aided by enzymes called matrix-metalloproteinases. To fuel rapid growth, invasive tumor must develop new blood vessels by a process known as angiogenesis. Fifth. reduce inflammation. Inflammation may lead to increased local production of free radicals by enzymes of inflammation, and the release of inflammatory mediators that increase cell proliferation and angiogenesis and inhibit apoptosis.
Other Benefits Grass Pearls
Besides as anticancer, pearl grass can also be used as a natural antioxidant. Antioxidants are needed to counteract free radicals that can cause cell damage. The use of natural antioxidants is certainly safer than synthetic antioxidants for synthetic antioxidants are carcinogens to the reproductive system, causing swelling of the liver, affects the activity of enzymes in the liver, even in the long term for their safety (lamalifherbal, 2012). Efficacy another pearl grass is as anti-inflammatory, diuretic, anti karbunkular (healed ulcers), anti-toxins, relieve fever (heat), activate blood circulation, improving sperm blockage and enhance the immune system. With the presence of chemical compounds contained in it, pudding pearl grass can treat a variety of diseases, including mumps, bronchitis, tonsillitis (tonsils), appendicitis, hepatitis, urinary tract infections, pelvic inflammatory disease, cancer (Amelia, 2006).
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