Giberelin is a derivative of the acid gibberelat. Is a natural plant hormone that stimulates flowering, stem elongation and open seeds that are still dormant. There are about 100 types of gibberellins, but Gibberellic acid (GA3) was the one most commonly used. Giberelin is a chemical that is classified into terpinoid. All groups terpinoid formed from isoprene units consisting of 5 carbon atoms. Based on the biosynthesis process has been discovered inhibitors (growth retardant) in this activity. No growth hormones that are natural and some are synthetic. Gibberellins are growth hormones in plants that are the synthesis and served to accelerate germination. Giberelin can encourage the development of seed, bud development, stem elongation and leaf growth, encourage flowering and fruit development; affect the growth and differentiation of root.
Some functions gibberellins in plants as follows:
- Breaking dormancy or stunted growth that plants can grow normally (not dwarf) by accelerating the process of cell division.
- Increase flowering.
- Stimulating the process of seed germination. One of the effects of gibberellins is to catalyze the synthesis of enzymes in seeds such as amylase, protease and lipase that the enzyme will remodel the cell walls of the endosperm of seeds and hydrolyze the starch and protein that will provide energy for the embryonic development of which is radikula that will stimulate the endosperm, seed coat or rind limiting the growth / germination so that seeds germinate
- Participate in cell elongation through increased levels of auxin is giberelin will spur the formation of enzymes that soften the cell walls, especially the proteolytic enzyme that releases amino tryptophan (precursors / formers auxin) so that the levels of auxin increases. Gibberellins stimulate the formation of cinnamic acid polyhydroxy are compounds that inhibit the action of IAA oxidase enzyme in which the enzyme is an enzyme destroyer auxin. Gibberellins stimulate the formation of α-amylase enzyme where the enzyme will hydrolyze starch to sugar in the cells will rise which will cause more water into your cells so that the cells elongate.
- Participate in the process Parthenocarpy. Some cases of fruit formation can occur in the absence of fertilization or conception, this process is named Parthenocarpy. Parthenocarpy was the formation of seedless fruit or fruit with seeds hollow, generally defined as an event Parthenocarpy formation of fruit without fertilization ovaries. Parthenocarpy is an astonishing and strange events due to the formation of fruit without fertilization of the egg cell, the plant requires a lot of energy for the enlargement of the fruit, but not to have babies with no formation of seeds. Parthenocarpy more common in plants that have a large number of eggs in the fruit, such as bananas, pineapples, tomatoes, melons and figs.
Delivery mechanisms of plant growth regulator gibberellin also will increase the content of auxin in plants, because giberelin able to reduce the damage due to the IAA IAA oxidase enzyme. Gibberellins influence the cell renewal for their starch hydrolysates produced giberelin will support the formation of alpha amylase. Gibberellins acting on genes by causing the activation of certain genes.
Genes that are activated to form new enzymes that cause changes morphogenetik (appearance / appearance of the plant). Giberelin basically encourage cell division, especially in the apical meristems, whereas IAA promotes the differentiation of cells. Plant growth regulators are encouraging the formation of networks of wood, but the activities are qualitatively different from both quantitative and encourage maximum growth.
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